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單詞

stock

英 [st?k] 美[stɑk]

基本信息

英英釋義詞組搭配考試真題實(shí)用場(chǎng)景例句

近義詞store gather collect up amass hoard accumulate keep stockpile

n. 股份，股票；庫(kù)存；血統(tǒng)；樹干
adj. 存貨的，常備的；平凡的
vt. 進(jìn)貨；備有；裝把手于…
vi. 囤積；辦貨；出新芽
n. (Stock)人名；(德、匈、捷)施托克；(英、法、葡、瑞典)斯托克

TEM4GRECET4IELTS考研CET6中高頻詞基本詞匯

詞態(tài)變化

復(fù)數(shù):?stocks;第三人稱單數(shù):?stocks;過(guò)去式:?stocked;過(guò)去分詞:?stocked;現(xiàn)在分詞:?stocking;

中文詞源

stock 樹干，樹樁，槍托，出身，家系

來(lái)自古英語(yǔ) stocc,樹干，樹樁，柱子，來(lái)自 Proto-Germanic*stukkaz,樹干，可能來(lái)自 PIE*steg, 棍子，柱子，樹樁，詞源同 stake,stack,stick.引申詞義槍托，比喻義出身，家系，詞義演變比較 family tree.

stock 存貨，儲(chǔ)備，供應(yīng)，家畜，牲畜，股票，證券，高湯，原湯

詞源不確定，可能來(lái)自 stock 的比喻義，由樹干引申詞義基礎(chǔ)，來(lái)源，并引申相關(guān)詞義。詞義證券，股票可能是受 stake 影響或直接來(lái)自該詞拼寫變體。

英文詞源

stock: stock: [OE] The word stock originally denoted a ‘tree-trunk’. It came from a prehistoric Germanic *stukkaz, which also produced German stock ‘stick’ and Swedish stock ‘log’. The lineal semantic descent to the stocks [14], a punishment device made from large pieces of wood, is clear enough, but how stock came to be used for a ‘supply, store’ (a sense first recorded in the 15th century) is more of a mystery.

It may be that a tradesman’s supply of goods was thought of metaphorically as the trunk of a tree, from which profits grew like branches; and another possibility is that the usage was inspired by an unrecorded application of stock to a wooden storage chest or money box. Stock ‘broth’ was so named (in the 18th century, apparently) because one keeps a ‘stock’ of it on hand in the stockpot, for use at need.

The original notion of a stout piece of wood is preserved in the derivative stocky [14], and also in stock-still [15] – literally ‘a(chǎn)s still as a log’.
stock (n.1): Old English stocc "stump, post, stake, tree trunk, log," also "pillory" (usually plural, stocks), from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz "tree trunk" (cognates: Old Norse stokkr "block of wood, trunk of a tree," Old Saxon, Old Frisian stok, Middle Dutch stoc "tree trunk, stump," Dutch stok "stick, cane," Old High German stoc "tree trunk, stick," German Stock "stick, cane;" also Dutch stuk, German Stück "piece"), from PIE *(s)teu- (1) "to push, stick, knock, beat" (see steep (adj.)).

Meaning "ancestry, family" (late 14c.) is a figurative use of the "tree trunk" sense (as in family tree). This is also the root of the meaning "heavy part of a tool," and "part of a rifle held against the shoulder" (1540s). Meaning "person as dull and senseless as a block or log" is from c. 1300; hence "a dull recipient of action or notice" (1540s).

Meaning "framework on which a boat was constructed" (early 15c.) led to figurative phrase on stocks "planned and commenced" (1660s). Taking stock "making an inventory" is attested from 1736. Stock, lock, and barrel "the whole of a thing" is recorded from 1817. Stock-still (late 15c.) is literally "as still as a tree trunk."
stock (n.2): "supply for future use" (early 15c.), "sum of money" (mid-15c.), Middle English developments of stock (n.1), but the ultimate sense connection is uncertain. Perhaps the notion is of the "trunk" from which gains are an outgrowth, or from stock (n.1) in obsolete sense of "money-box" (c. 1400). Meaning "subscribed capital of a corporation" is from 1610s.

In stock "in the possession of a trader" is from 1610s. Meaning "broth made by boiling meat or vegetables" is from 1764. Theatrical use, in reference to a company regularly acting together at a given theater, is attested from 1761. Figurative phrase take stock in "regard as important" is from 1870. As the collective term for the movable property of a farm, it is recorded from 1510s; hence livestock.
stock (v.): "to supply (a store) with stock," 1620s, from stock (n.2). Meaning "to lay up in store" is from c. 1700. Earliest sense is "to imprison in stocks" (early 14c.). Related: Stocked; stocking.
stock (adj.): in reference to conversation, literature, "recurring, commonplace" (as in stock phrase), 1738, figurative use from sense "kept in store for constant use" (1620s), from stock (n.2).