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單詞

race

英 [re?s] 美[res]

基本信息

n. 屬，種；種族，人種；家庭，門弟
vt. 使參加比賽；和…競(jìng)賽；使急走，使全速行進(jìn)
vi. 比速度，參加競(jìng)賽；全速行進(jìn)
n. (Race)人名；(英)雷斯；(塞)拉采

基本詞匯高頻詞CET6考研TEM4CET4

詞態(tài)變化

復(fù)數(shù):?races;第三人稱單數(shù):?races;過(guò)去式:?raced;過(guò)去分詞:?raced;現(xiàn)在分詞:?racing;

中文詞源

race 比賽，競(jìng)賽，人種，種族

1.來(lái)自古英語(yǔ) raes,跑動(dòng)，跳，來(lái)自 Proto-Germanic*res,置換自 PIE*ers,移動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)，詞源同 errand.引申詞義比賽，競(jìng)賽。 2.人種，種族，來(lái)自中古法語(yǔ) razza,種族，世系，家族，可能來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ) radix,根，詞源同 root,radish.

英文詞源

race: race: For such a common word – or rather two words, for ‘people, population’ [16] and ‘speed competition’ [13] are unrelated – surprisingly little is known about the origins of race. The former comes via French from Italian razza, but the antecedents of razza are obscure. The ‘running’ race originally meant ‘rush’, and was borrowed from Old Norse rás ‘rush, running, race’ – again, of unknown origin.
race (n.1): "act of running," c. 1300, from Old Norse ras "running, rush (of water)," cognate with Old English r?s "a running, a rush, a leap, jump; a storming, an attack;" or else a survival of the Old English word with spelling influenced by the Old Norse one. The Norse and Old English words are from Proto-Germanic *res- (cognates: Middle Dutch rasen "to rave, rage," German rasen, Old English raesettan "to rage" (of fire)), from a variant form of PIE *ers- (1) "be in motion" (see err). Originally a northern word, it became general in English c. 1550. Meaning "act of running" is from early 14c. Meaning "contest of speed" first recorded 1510s.
race (n.2): "people of common descent," a word from the 16th century, from Middle French race, earlier razza "race, breed, lineage, family" (16c.), possibly from Italian razza, of unknown origin (cognate with Spanish and Portuguese raza). Etymologists say no connection with Latin radix "root," though they admit this might have influenced the "tribe, nation" sense.

Original senses in English included "wines with characteristic flavor" (1520), "group of people with common occupation" (c. 1500), and "generation" (1540s). Meaning "tribe, nation, or people regarded as of common stock" is by 1560s. Modern meaning of "one of the great divisions of mankind based on physical peculiarities" is from 1774 (though as OED points out, even among anthropologists there never has been an accepted classification of these).
Just being a Negro doesn't qualify you to understand the race situation any more than being sick makes you an expert on medicine. [Dick Gregory, 1964]
In mid-20c. U.S. music catalogues, "Negro." Klein suggests these derive from Arabic ra's "head, beginning, origin" (compare Hebrew rosh). Old English teode meant both "race, folk, nation" and "language;" as a verb, geteodan, it meant "to unite, to join."
race (v.): c. 1200, rasen "to rush," from a Scandinavian source akin to the source of race (n.1), reinforced by the noun in English and by Old English cognate r?san "to rush headlong, hasten, enter rashly." Meaning "run swiftly" is from 1757. Meaning "run in competition against" is from 1809. Transitive sense of "cause to run" is from 1860. In reference to an engine, etc., "run with uncontrolled speed," from 1862. Related: Raced; racing.
race (n.3): "strong current of water," c. 1300, originally any forward movement or swift running, but especially of water, from Old Norse ras "a rushing" (see race (n.1)). Via Norman French the word entered French as ras, which might have given English race its specialized meaning of "channel of a stream" (especially an artificial one to a mill), which is recorded in English from 1560s.